KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN - CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Kalimat pengandaian selalu dalam bentuk kalimat majemuk (complex sentence) yang terdiri dari induk dan anak kalimat (main and sub clause).

1. Type 1

Main Clause + IF + Sub Clause

Formula: (Will+Inf.) + IF + Simple Present

Fungsi: untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang masih mungkin terjadi.

Waktu: Future

Contoh:

I will be happy IF she comes here. (Fakta: belum terjadi, kemungkinan besar sama dengan kalimat pengandaiannya).

I will go there IF I am free.

2. Type 2

Main Clause + IF + Sub Clause

Formula: (Would+Inf.) + IF + Simple Past

Fungsi: untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah tidak mungkin terjadi (kalaupun mungkin, kemungkinannya sangat kecil).

Waktu: Present atau Future.

Pengecualian: WERE digunakan untuk semua subject; WAS tidak digunakan.

Contoh:

I would be happy IF she came here. (Fakta: I AM not happy; she DOES not come here).

I would go there IF I were free. (Fakta: I DO not go there; I AM not free).

3. Type 3

Main Clause + IF + Sub Clause

Formula: (Would+Have+V3) + IF + (Had+V3)

Fungsi: untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang sangat tidak mungkin terjadi.

Waktu: Past

Inversi: hilangkan IF dan gunakan HAD di depan subject.

Contoh:

I would have been happy IF she had come here. (Fakta: I WAS not happy; she DID not come here).

I would have gone there IF I had been free. (Fakta: I DID not go there; I WAS not free)

Had I been free, I would have gone there. (Fakta: I DID not go there; I WAS not free)

Perbandingan antara pengandaian dan kenyataan

Pengandaian	Kenyataan
Type 1 Present (+)	Present (+)
Type 2 Past (+) Past (-)	Present (-) Present (+)
Type 3 Past Future Perfect (+) Past Future Perfect (-)	Past (-) Past (+)

Kalimatpengandaian dengan I WISH

Digunakan untuk menyesali suatu keadaan karena terjadi tidak seperti yang diharapkan.

Formula: I WISH + I + V2

Contoh:

I wish I could have done it better. (Fakta: I did not do it better).

I wish I could do it better. (Fakta: I do not do it better).

I wish I you were my boy. (Fakta: You are not my boy).

Exercises

1. If everything (go) well, we’ll start the program next week.

2. You (have) a lot of trouble if you don’t follow my advice.

3. If it (be) necessary I’ll go there myself.

4. She will ask you to accompany her if you (be) free.

5. I would surely talk to him if I (can) go and see him.

6. If I (be) you, I’d accept the offer.

7. If it (be) Sunday today, we’d go out of town.

8. If I (have) enough money, I’d buy the books now.

9. We’d have left earlier if we (know) about it.

10. He (pass) the examination if he had made better preparation.

11. I wish the test (be) not as difficult as this one.

12. (Have) I been there, I would have been able to discuss it with him.

13. I (be) very happy if you (can) do me this favor.

14. We (be) very much obliged if you (can) give us a prompt reply.

15. I might have discussed it with him if he (be) there.